Internet

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the Internet recipe – as common language

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storyteller, about ( dot. 0, 1, and the power of 2 ) as part of the Internet recipe*.

Let’s start with the . (DOT)

dot or the ROOT on DNS.

DNS or port 53 as layer 4 on OSI Model

*Dot(.) = ROOT

Root servers, or DNS root servers, are name servers that are responsible for the functionality of the DNS as well as the entire Internet. They’re the first step in the name resolution of any domain name, meaning they translate domain names into IP addresses.

Once upon a time in the digital kingdom of Bitziland, there existed a humble yet powerful family of characters. These characters were known far and wide as Dot, 0, 1, and 2. Together, they held the secrets to a powerful force known as the Power of 2, a fundamental principle that shaped the very fabric of their world.

The Dot.

Dot was small and unassuming, often overlooked by many. However, Dot knew that despite its size, it played a crucial role in communication and organization. Dot was a connector, a separator, a marker that defined boundaries and created clarity. In the vast expanses of data streams, Dot’s presence was essential for deciphering meaning and structuring information. In URLs, Dot served as a gateway, linking domains and subdomains, making navigation through the vast web possible.

The Numbers

0, 1, and 2 were siblings with distinct personalities and roles in Bitziland.

0

Zero, or 0, was known for its neutrality. It represented the absence of value but was far from worthless. In the binary world, 0 was a fundamental building block, representing the off state in binary systems. Zero was essential in computing, filling spaces, and balancing equations. Without Zero, the language of computers, binary code, would be incomplete.

1

One, or 1, was the counterpart to 0. It represented presence, activation, and value. In binary, 1 was the on state, the spark of life in digital circuits. Together with 0, 1 formed the foundation of all computing processes, enabling the creation, storage, and transmission of information in the simplest yet most powerful form.

2

Two, or 2, was a bit different. While 0 and 1 were deeply embedded in the binary system, 2 represented the concept of duality and the next step in the counting sequence. It was a reminder of progression and the power of combination. Two signified the beginning of more complex structures, an essential step in the hierarchy of numbers and a key player in higher-level computations.

The Power of 2

The Power of 2 was a legendary concept in Bitziland, a principle that unlocked exponential potential. In mathematics and computing, powers of 2 (such as 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.) represented fundamental units of measure and memory allocation. The Power of 2 allowed for efficient data management, enabling the organization of information in ways that maximized storage and processing capabilities.

The Power of 2 in IP Addressing

The Power of 2 is particularly significant in the realm of IP addressing. IP addresses, which are unique identifiers for devices on a network, are based on a 32-bit or 128-bit binary system for IPv4 and IPv6, respectively. This means:

•   IPv4: Uses 32 bits, allowing for 2^32 (approximately 4.3 billion) unique addresses.
•   IPv6: Uses 128 bits, allowing for 2^128 unique addresses, providing a virtually limitless number of addresses to accommodate future growth.

The Internet Recipe

In the age of connectivity, Dot, 0, 1, and 2 came together to create something extraordinary: the Internet Recipe. This recipe was the foundation of the global network that connected billions of devices and people. Each ingredient had a vital role:

•   Dot ensured the seamless connection of domains and subdomains, allowing users to navigate the web effortlessly.
•   0 and 1 formed the binary code, the language that enabled computers to communicate, process data, and perform calculations.
•   2 and the Power of 2 provided the framework for memory allocation and data structuring, ensuring efficiency and scalability.

Accessing FQDN banszky.men

In Bitziland, accessing a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) like banszky.men involved a fascinating interplay of characters and addresses. Let’s dive into how this worked from both the user and server perspectives, including the roles of MAC addresses and IP addresses.

User Perspective

1.  Typing the FQDN: A user types banszky.men into their web browser.
2.  DNS Resolution: The browser queries a DNS server to resolve the domain name into an IP address. This process starts with a request to a root DNS server (Dot), then moves to a TLD server (for .men), and finally reaches the authoritative DNS server for banszky.men.
3.  IP Address Received: The DNS server responds with the IP address of the server hosting banszky.men.
4.  MAC Address Resolution: The user’s device uses the ARP protocol to resolve the IP address to a MAC address within the local network.
5.  Data Packet Construction: The user’s device constructs data packets containing the request for banszky.men, including the destination IP address and the resolved MAC address.
6.  Data Transmission: The data packets are sent over the network, traversing switches and routers until they reach the destination server.

Server Perspective

1.  Packet Reception: The server receives the data packets containing the request for banszky.men.
2.  Data Processing: The server processes the request, accessing the appropriate web content or service.
3.  Response Construction: The server constructs a response, embedding the requested data into packets addressed back to the user’s IP address.
4.  Response Transmission: The response packets travel back through the network, being routed to the user’s device using the IP address and corresponding MAC address.
5.  Display to User: The user’s device receives the response packets, reassembles the data, and displays the content of banszky.men in the web browser.

MAC Addresses and IP Addresses

•   MAC Address: A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications at the data link layer of a network segment. It is used within a local network to route packets to the correct device.
•   IP Address: An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the IP for communication. It is used for identifying devices across networks and routing packets to their destination.

Role of Switches and Routers

•   Switches: Switches operate at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model. They use MAC addresses to forward data within the same network. When a data packet arrives, the switch reads the MAC address and directs the packet to the correct destination within the local network.
•   Routers: Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. They use IP addresses to route data between different networks. Each hop the data packet takes involves the router examining the destination IP address and forwarding the packet to the next network. At each hop, the MAC address changes to the MAC address of the next router or the destination device, but the IP address remains the same, ensuring the packet reaches its final destination.

The Magic of Coordination

Together, these elements created the vast and intricate web known as the Internet, a place where information flowed freely, and connectivity knew no bounds. The story of Dot, 0, 1, 2, and the Power of 2 is a testament to the beauty of simplicity and the profound impact of fundamental principles in creating something as complex and transformative as the Internet.

In Bitziland, Dot, 0, 1, and 2 continued to work in harmony, upholding the Internet Recipe and ensuring that the digital kingdom thrived in an ever-connected world. Their story is a reminder that even the smallest and simplest components can come together to create something truly magnificent.

The expression (2^0) equals 1. In fact, any non-zero number raised to the power of 0 is always equal to 1.

Explanation:

  • Mathematical Rule: For any non-zero number ( x ), ( x^0 = 1 ). Example Calculations:
  • ( 2^0 = 1 )
  • ( 5^0 = 1 )
  • ( 100^0 = 1 )
  • ( (-3)^0 = 1 )

Why does this rule hold?

The rule can be understood from the properties of exponents. Consider the following:

  • When you decrease the exponent of a number by 1, you divide the number by itself. For example:
  • ( 2^3 = 8 )
  • ( 2^2 = 4 )
  • ( 2^1 = 2 )
  • ( 2^0 = 1 ) (dividing ( 2^1 ) by 2 gives ( 1 ))

This pattern holds for any non-zero number, which is why ( x^0 = 1 ) for any ( x \neq 0 ).

Special Case: ( 0^0 )

The expression ( 0^0 ) is considered indeterminate in mathematics. It has different interpretations depending on the context and is often avoided in algebraic calculations unless carefully defined.

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Why did the human break up with the AI?

  • Because it couldn’t handle all the “bytes” !

It was a joke, right ?